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Genotoxicity of selected metal compounds in the SOS chromotest
1Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Goettingen, Germany.
Abstract:
Knowledge concerning the genotoxicity of inorganic metal compounds in the SOS chromotest is limited. Up to now, only Cr(VI), Sn(II) and the platinum antitumor compound cisplatin(II) were shown to be genotoxic in this test system. However, for Cr(VI) and Sn(II), a positive reaction could only be achieved in cytotoxic dose ranges. The aim of the present study was to provide additional data concerning metal salt genotoxicity in the SOS chromotest. Therefore, 14 metal/metalloid salt compounds of platinum, palladium, rhodium, arsenic, antimony and chromium were tested. Four platinum salts, K2PtCl4, cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 (cisplatin), trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 (transplatin) and PtCl4 as well as two rhodium compounds tested, K2RhCl5 and (NH4)3RhCl6, could be shown to be genotoxic in the chromotest using the tester strain Escherichia coli PQ37. A moderate genotoxicity was shown by the two Cr(VI) compounds K2CrO4 and K2Cr2O7. All palladium compounds and all the other metal salts tested were unable to induce a significant SOS response.
Insights
This study investigated the genotoxicity of 14 metal and metalloid salts using the SOS chromotest. Platinum and rhodium salts demonstrated genotoxicity, while palladium and other tested metal salts did not induce a significant SOS response.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Toxicology
- Genetics
- Chemistry
Background:
- Limited knowledge exists on the genotoxicity of inorganic metal compounds in the SOS chromotest.
- Previous studies identified genotoxicity for Cr(VI), Sn(II), and cisplatin, often at cytotoxic levels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To expand the understanding of metal salt genotoxicity within the SOS chromotest system.
- To evaluate the genotoxic potential of various platinum, palladium, rhodium, arsenic, antimony, and chromium salts.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the SOS chromotest with the tester strain Escherichia coli PQ37.
- Assessed the genotoxicity of 14 different metal/metalloid salt compounds.
- Determined genotoxic effects across a range of metal and metalloid elements.
Main Results:
- Four platinum salts (K2PtCl4, cisplatin, transplatin, PtCl4) and two rhodium compounds (K2RhCl5, (NH4)3RhCl6) exhibited genotoxicity.
- Two Cr(VI) compounds (K2CrO4, K2Cr2O7) showed moderate genotoxicity.
- All tested palladium compounds and other metal salts failed to induce a significant SOS response.
Conclusions:
- Platinum and rhodium salts are genotoxic in the SOS chromotest.
- The genotoxic potential of metal compounds varies significantly by element and specific salt form.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of metal-induced genotoxicity.