Thoracic complications associated with utilization of the air turbine dental drill

Thoracic complications associated with the use of the high-speed air turbine dental drill have been reported sporadically in the anesthesia literature. This case report documents the potential sequelae associated with air entrainment from utilization of the high-speed air turbine dental drill in general dentistry. Signs and symptoms of air entrainment include chest fullness, periorbital and facial edema, and crepitus. Prompt recognition of this phenomena is essential because of potential airway obstruction and additional complications, as the infused air dissects through the fascial planes. Cardiovascular collapse, associated with the development of venous air embolism, has also been reported as a life-threatening complication associated with the high-speed air turbine dental drill. This is a case report of a patient who developed pneumomediastinum while receiving dental preparatory treatment for multiple crowns, veneers, and impressions.