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Yersinia enterocolitica: the charisma continues

E J Bottone1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium causing gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections, often linked to pigs and contaminated food. Diagnosis involves bacterial isolation, but controlling sporadic cases remains challenging due to unknown sources.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Yersinia enterocolitica is a diverse gram-negative bacterium found in animal and environmental reservoirs.
  • Pathogenic strains possess chromosome- and plasmid-mediated virulence factors, leading to gastrointestinal and extraintestinal infections.
  • Infections are associated with specific serogroups (e.g., O:3, O:9) and can cause sequelae like arthritis, particularly in HLA-B27 positive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, transmission, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of Yersinia enterocolitica infections.
  • To highlight the role of Y. enterocolitica as a food-borne pathogen and its association with outbreaks.
  • To discuss challenges in identifying sources and implementing control measures for sporadic infections.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of existing literature on Yersinia enterocolitica.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, including outbreaks and transmission routes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods and virulence factors.

Main Results:

  • Y. enterocolitica is orally acquired, often linked to pigs, and implicated in foodborne outbreaks.
  • Bacteremia can occur, especially in immunocompromised individuals or those with iron overload, leading to metastatic infections.
  • Blood transfusion-related bacteremia is a significant concern.
  • Diagnosis is typically achieved by isolating the bacterium, with further characterization aiding in virulence assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Yersinia enterocolitica poses a significant public health threat as a foodborne pathogen.
  • While outbreaks are traceable, the sources of sporadic Y. enterocolitica infections are often speculative, hindering prevention efforts.
  • Further research into reservoirs and transmission dynamics is needed for effective control strategies.