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Primum atrial septal defect
A M Sadeghi1, H Laks, J M Pearl
1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine 90095-1741, USA.
Insights
Surgical repair of primum atrial septal defect in infants has excellent long-term survival rates. Early diagnosis via echocardiography and timely intervention ensure minimal mortality for this congenital heart defect.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Surgery
- Echocardiography
Background:
- Primum atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart anomaly requiring surgical intervention.
- Surgical repair has evolved since 1982, with a focus on complete closure of the defect and associated atrioventricular valve clefts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the surgical experience and outcomes of primum atrial septal defect repair.
- To evaluate the efficacy of current surgical techniques and diagnostic methods.
Main Methods:
- Surgical repair using a pericardial patch for defect and valve cleft closure.
- Echocardiography for diagnosis; cardiac catheterization for associated defects.
- Two-stage repair for coarctation of the aorta and primum ASD.
Main Results:
- Low early mortality (<1%) and reoperation rate (<3%).
- Excellent long-term survival comparable to the general population.
- Successful management of severe congestive heart failure and left atrioventricular valve regurgitation.
Conclusions:
- Echocardiography is the primary diagnostic tool; catheterization reserved for complex cases.
- Early repair in stable patients (<2-3 years) yields minimal mortality.
- Associated coarctation of the aorta requires staged repair; long-term outcomes are excellent.
Unlabelled:
The purpose of this report is to review our surgical experience with primum atrial septal defect. Since 1982, infants with primum atrial septal defect have undergone complete repair consisting of closure of the cleft of the left atrioventricular valve and atrial septal defect with a pericardial patch. Ages at operation ranged from early neonatal period until 5 years. In most patients, echocardiography was diagnostic and cardiac catheterization was performed in children with associated defects. Severe congestive heart failure and left atrioventricular valve regurgitation necessitated earlier correction. Infants with coarctation of the aorta and primum atrial septal defect underwent a two-stage procedure involving coarctation resection followed by complete repair. The early mortality rate is less than 1% and has a reoperation rate of less than 3%. The overall long-term survival of patients with primum atrial septal defect matches that of the general population.
Conclusion:
The diagnosis of primum atrial septal defect can easily be made by echocardiography with cardiac catheterization reserved for patients with associated left-sided obstruction. For patients in stable condition, the total repair can be performed before 2 to 3 years of age with minimum mortality. In infants with severe congestive heart failure, earlier correction should be contemplated, although it carries a higher morbidity. The associated coarctation of aorta is infrequent, but requires resection before intracardiac repair. The long-term results with this lesion repair are excellent.