Human papillomatous virus infection update: impact on women's health

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) seen throughout the population. More than 60 types of HPV have been identified, and 20 are known to cause genital warts; other types of HPV have an oncogenic potential. During pregnancy, genital warts may grow (possibly due to a suppressed immune system) and the neonate may become exposed. Several cofactors that have been identified in the development of HPV include oral contraceptive use, pregnancy and parity, nutrition, smoking, unsafe sex practices, and immunosuppression. Treatment options are aimed at destroying the visible lesions and include topical therapy, laser vaporization, cryocautery, liquid nitrogen, or simple excision. Health care providers have an important role in counseling about HPV infections. This includes educating clients about risk factors, prevention, signs and symptoms of STDs including HPV, safe sex practices, and the importance of regular examinations. Empowerment and a positive approach must be taken to help the client understand that she has a right to protect herself from STDs including HPV.