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Related Experiment Videos

The acute immune response to exercise: what does it mean?

H Gabriel1, W Kindermann

  • 1Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Exercise intensity and duration significantly alter immune cell counts and function. Strenuous exercise impacts immune parameters more than moderate exercise, with duration being a key factor in neutrophil changes.

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In reply.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international·2013

Area of Science:

  • Exercise immunology
  • Cellular immunology
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Exercise significantly impacts the immune system.
  • Understanding exercise-induced immune alterations is crucial for health and performance.
  • The relationship between exercise intensity, duration, and specific immune cell responses requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate exercise-induced changes in cellular immune parameters.
  • To examine the influence of exercise intensity relative to the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) and duration on immune responses.
  • To differentiate immune responses to exercise from those seen in infections.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of differential blood counts (CD14, CD45).
  • Assessment of monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations (including CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD19, CD16, CD56, HLA-DR).

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  • Evaluation of natural killer cells, neutrophil phagocytosis, and oxidative burst activity using flow cytometry.

    • Main Results:

    • Moderate exercise (<2h, <85% IAT) causes fewer immune changes than strenuous exercise (>100% IAT or >2-3h).
    • Neutrocytosis is more dependent on exercise duration than intensity, linked to stress hormones like cortisol.
    • Strenuous exercise may impair neutrophil function, contrasting with enhanced function during infections; exercise shows minor effects on T-cell activation compared to infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise intensity and duration differentially affect immune cell counts and function.
    • Neutrophil responses are primarily duration-dependent, while monocyte responses vary with intensity.
    • While exercise alters immune cell counts significantly, its impact on cell function is less pronounced compared to infectious conditions.