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Food control systems in Canada

T M Smith1, D J Jukes

  • 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa, Ontario.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Canada's food regulation involves multiple federal departments like Health Canada (HC) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), alongside provincial and territorial governments. International agreements also influence the complex food safety system.

Area of Science:

  • Food science and regulatory affairs
  • Public health policy
  • Agricultural policy

Background:

  • Canadian food regulation is managed by multiple federal departments, including Health Canada (HC) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC).
  • A complex, fragmented system involves federal, provincial, and territorial jurisdictions, alongside industry and consumer input.
  • International trade agreements like NAFTA and CUSTA are poised to significantly impact future food control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of Health Canada (HC) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) responsibilities in Canadian food regulation.
  • To examine interagency coordination within the federal structure and with other governmental levels, industry, and consumers.
  • To consider the impact of international developments on Canada's food control system.

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Main Methods:

  • Review of legislative provisions, including the Federal Food and Drugs Act, Canada Agricultural Products Act (CAP Act), and Consumer Packaging and Labeling Act (CPLA).
  • Analysis of the roles and jurisdictional boundaries of federal departments involved in food regulation (HC, AAFC, Industry Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada).
  • Examination of intergovernmental coordination and the influence of international agreements.

Main Results:

  • Federal food regulation is complex and fragmented, involving four main federal departments and all provincial/territorial governments.
  • Health Canada (HC) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) play key roles, with specific legislative responsibilities.
  • International trade agreements are identified as significant factors shaping the future of Canadian food control.

Conclusions:

  • The Canadian federal food safety and quality system is characterized by complexity and fragmentation across multiple jurisdictions.
  • Effective interagency and intergovernmental coordination is crucial for robust food regulation.
  • International trade agreements necessitate adaptation and strategic planning for Canada's food control system.