Risk assessment of fungi reported from humans and animals

G S de Hoog1

  • 1Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures CBS, Baarn, The Netherlands.

Mycoses
|November 1, 1996
PubMed

Insights

This study proposes a new fungal classification system based on biosafety levels (BSL). It prioritizes fungal ecological traits over host factors for accurate risk assessment in laboratory settings.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Biosafety
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Accurate fungal classification is crucial for laboratory biosafety.
  • Existing classification systems may not fully capture fungal-specific risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel classification of fungi into biosafety categories.
  • To outline criteria for assigning fungi to specific biosafety levels (BSL).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing fungal classification literature.
  • Development of a new classification framework emphasizing intrinsic fungal properties.
  • Inclusion of species from recent medical literature.

Main Results:

  • A proposed classification system for fungi based on biosafety levels.
  • Criteria for BSL attribution are discussed, prioritizing ecological factors.
  • The classification incorporates a comprehensive list of medically relevant fungi.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed fungal classification offers a refined approach to biosafety.
  • Emphasis on ecological criteria provides a more intrinsic risk assessment.
  • This system aligns with current medical mycology literature.

Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...