Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Motor and Hippocampal Dependent Spatial Learning and Reference Memory Assessment in a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Stroke
Published on: March 22, 2016
A case-control study of smoking and Alzheimer's disease
Objectives:
To study the association between Alzheimer's disease and smoking history.
Design:
An unmatched case-control study.
Setting:
Psychogeriatric unit serving an elderly population of Warrington.
Period:
2 years 1991-1993.
Subjects:
198 cases of Alzheimer's disease (ADRDA-NINCDS diagnostic criteria) were compared to two selected control groups (164 other dementias and 176 non-dementing group) with respect to their smoking history.
Main Outcome Measure:
Relative risk (odds ratio) of Alzheimer's disease.
Results:
The odds ratio for Alzheimer's disease in patients who smoked was 0.68 (95% CI 0.47-0.98). The negative association was statistically significant only in male patients, OR 0.45 95% CI (0.23-0.87), p < 0.05. The inverse association was also only significant in patients with family history of dementia, OR 0.34 95% CI (0.12-0.92), p < 0.05.
Conclusion:
The study supports previous findings of an inverse relationship between smoking and Alzheimer's disease. This, however, does not suggest that smoking is used as a preventive measure for Alzheimer's disease.
More Related Videos
09:38Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Published on: November 14, 2017
08:43Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published on: August 7, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Observational Studies
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology