Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacotherapy and beyond

Management of ADHD is a challenge that requires time, commitment, and great sensitivity on the part of the physician. Use of stimulant medications is often successful at improving symptoms, but it has become the knee-jerk treatment response for many. Given the wide-ranging effects of ADHD on aspects of patients' lives and the availability of various treatment alternatives, a multimodal approach is considered optimal. As more studies evaluate nonpharmacologic approaches such as behavior therapy, parent education, and neurofeedback and more physicians implement multimodal treatment, outcomes for patients with ADHD are expected to be even more positive.