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Consistencies between recalled panic and lactate-induced panic

R R Goetz1, D F Klein, J M Gorman

  • 1Department of Therapeutics, New York State psychiatric institute, New York 10032, USA.

Anxiety
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study compared symptoms of panic disorder during usual and lactate-induced panic attacks. Key symptoms like fear, desire to flee, and shortness of breath were prominent in both, with lactate reliably triggering panic symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.
  • Sodium lactate infusion is a known method for inducing panic-like symptoms in susceptible individuals.
  • Understanding symptom profiles in naturally occurring versus induced panic attacks is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the frequency and severity of symptoms during naturally recollected panic attacks and sodium lactate-induced panic attacks.
  • To identify core symptoms that are consistently reported across both types of panic attacks.
  • To assess the reliability of sodium lactate as a model for studying panic attack symptomatology.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-six males and 126 females diagnosed with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks (DSM-III criteria) participated.

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  • Participants underwent sodium lactate infusion studies and completed the Acute Panic Inventory (API) to rate symptoms.
  • Patients also rated symptoms of their 'usual' panic attacks using the API.

    • Main Results:

    • Fifty-nine percent of subjects experienced lactate-induced panic attacks.
    • Frequently reported symptoms in usual panic attacks included fear, difficulty concentrating, desire to flee, and palpitations.
    • During lactate-induced panic, symptoms like desire to flee, dyspnea (shortness of breath), and tingling showed robust effect sizes.
    • Comparison revealed significant overlap in symptoms between usual and lactate-induced panic, notably fear, dyspnea, and desire to flee.

    Conclusions:

    • Fear, desire to flee, dyspnea, difficulty performing a job, and fear of losing control are distinctive symptoms in both usual and lactate-induced panic attacks.
    • Dyspnea demonstrated the most robust effect size among physical symptoms during lactate-induced panic.
    • Sodium lactate infusion serves as a valid model for studying panic attack symptomatology, particularly core fear and physical distress components.