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Elevated soluble CD14 receptors and altered cytokines in chronic heart failure
S D Anker1, K R Egerer, H D Volk
1Department of Cardiac Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.
The American Journal of Cardiology
|May 15, 1997
Abstract:
We hypothesized that in patients with chronic heart failure mesenteric venous congestion leads to increased bowel permeability, bacterial translocation, and thereby endotoxin release; the increased endotoxin challenge then causes immune activation with increased soluble CD14 levels and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production. Patients with high soluble CD14 levels (indicative of endotoxin-cell interaction) have markedly increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1, supporting this hypothesis.