Differential diagnoses for nocturnal enuresis

The symptom of nocturnal enuresis can be a feature of many conditions, including renal, neurological and organic disease states. It is important to differentiate primary nocturnal enuresis from secondary enuresis and from daytime incontinence with a nocturnal component. It is recommended that the routine investigation of enuretic children should comprise four components: structured interview, physical examination, urinalysis and ultrasound investigation. Additional intensified diagnostic and invasive procedures should be reserved for patients with suspected neurological disorders or urological dysfunction.