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Intraocular pressure: a comparative analysis in two sexes
1Department of Physiology, Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan.
Clinical Physiology (Oxford, England)
|May 1, 1997
Summary
Intraocular pressure (IOP) increases with age in both men and women in Pakistan, with a more significant rise observed in women, particularly after age 40. Ocular hypertension is more prevalent in females.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Public Health
- Gerontology
Background:
- Conflicting reports exist regarding sex differences in intraocular pressure (IOP).
- Age-related IOP trends vary geographically, with increases in Western and decreases in Japanese populations.
- Previous studies lack data on sex-based IOP variations across age groups in South Asian populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of sex on intraocular pressure (IOP) across different age groups.
- To establish normative IOP data for a Pakistani population.
- To identify potential sex-specific risk factors for ocular hypertension.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 5307 men and 2388 women from Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
- Participants were categorized into seven age groups.
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry.
Main Results:
- IOP increased progressively with age in both sexes until 61-70 years.
- Statistically significant IOP increases were noted earlier in women (41-50 years) than in men (51-60 years).
- Ocular hypertension (IOP > 21 mmHg) was more prevalent in women (5.3%) than men (2.1%), with a significant sex difference emerging after age 40.
Conclusions:
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) rises with age in both sexes in Pakistan, more markedly in women.
- Menopause is associated with increased IOP, while the menstrual cycle has no significant effect.
- Findings highlight the need for sex- and age-specific glaucoma screening protocols.