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Antibiotics: effect on cryopreserved-thawed human sperm motility in vitro
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California 92350, USA.
Objective:
To analyze the motility and fertilizing capacity of sperm treated with different antibiotics.
Design:
Prospective comparative study.
Setting:
Clinical and academic research environment.
Patient(S):
Pooled cryopreserved donor sperm (n = 14).
Intervention(S):
Sperm were washed with Percoll and resuspended in HEPES-buffered human tubal fluid medium containing either amoxicillin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, nitrofurantoin monohydrate, doxycycline hyclate, cefuroxime axetil, or control medium.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Sperm kinematic and fertilizing parameters.
Result(S):
Sperm hyperactivation was decreased in physiologic concentrations of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and doxycycline hyclate over the course of 48 hours. At pharmacologic concentrations, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, cefuroxime axetil, and nitrofurantoin monohydrate adversely affected motility with decreased rapid progression. Cessation of motility occurred in cefuroxime axetil and nitrofurantoin monohydrate. Sperm hyperactivation was also absent. Cefuroxime axetil decreased the percentage of intact acrosomes. In contrast, physiologic doses of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride or ofloxacin enhanced sperm fertilizing capacity.
Conclusion(S):
Ciprofloxacin affected hyperactivation by altering membrane properties, whereas doxycycline inhibited the capacitation process. Cessation of motility in cefuroxime axetil was linked to disrupted sperm head membranes. Sperm motility and fertilizing capacity were decreased in nitrofurantoin because of decreased metabolism. The positive effect of ofloxacin on fertilizing capacity did not involve changes in acrosome.
Insights
Certain antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin at physiologic concentrations can enhance sperm fertilizing capacity. However, higher concentrations of some antibiotics negatively impact sperm motility and function.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology
- Pharmacology
- Andrology
Background:
- Antibiotic use in reproductive medicine requires careful consideration of potential effects on sperm function.
- Understanding the impact of various antibiotics on sperm motility and fertilizing capacity is crucial for optimizing assisted reproductive technologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of different antibiotics on sperm motility and fertilizing capacity.
- To determine the concentration-dependent effects of antibiotics on sperm parameters.
Main Methods:
- A prospective comparative study was conducted using pooled cryopreserved donor sperm (n=14).
- Sperm were treated with various antibiotics (amoxicillin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, nitrofurantoin monohydrate, doxycycline hyclate, cefuroxime axetil) or control medium.
- Sperm kinematic and fertilizing parameters were assessed.
Main Results:
- Physiologic concentrations of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and doxycycline hyclate decreased sperm hyperactivation over 48 hours.
- Pharmacologic concentrations of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, cefuroxime axetil, and nitrofurantoin monohydrate reduced sperm motility and rapid progression.
- Cefuroxime axetil and nitrofurantoin monohydrate caused cessation of motility and absence of hyperactivation.
- Cefuroxime axetil decreased the percentage of intact acrosomes.
- Physiologic doses of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride or ofloxacin enhanced sperm fertilizing capacity.
Conclusions:
- Ciprofloxacin altered sperm hyperactivation by affecting membrane properties; doxycycline inhibited capacitation.
- Cessation of motility with cefuroxime axetil was associated with disrupted sperm head membranes.
- Nitrofurantoin decreased sperm motility and fertilizing capacity due to reduced metabolism.
- Ofloxacin enhanced fertilizing capacity without affecting the acrosome.