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Alterations in macrophages after exposure to root canal filling materials
T Maseki1, K Yasumura, I Nanba
1Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
Abstract:
The process of engulfment of overextended root canal filling materials was investigated in rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Root canal filling materials tested were Finapec APC, Sealapex, Canals-N, and Canals. The phagocytosis rate of macrophages for the Finapec APC was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that for other three root canal filling materials. That for Canals was the lowest. About 95% of the cells exposed to Finapec APC were viable at 60 and 120 min. For Canals the percentage was 74% and 63% at 60 and 120 min, respectively. Ruffle formation in macrophages was observed by scanning electron microscopy after exposure to Finapec APC for 60 or 120 min. Many vacuoles were observed in macrophages exposed to Canals for 60 min. It was concluded that the phagocytic rate of macrophages for Canals that showed a strong cytotoxicity was lowest and that the rate for Finapec APC that showed a low cytotoxicity was the highest.
Insights
Finapec APC demonstrated the highest macrophage phagocytosis rate and low cytotoxicity in root canal filling materials. Canals showed the lowest phagocytosis and significant cytotoxicity, impacting cell viability.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Cell Biology
- Dental Materials
Background:
- Root canal filling materials are crucial for endodontic success.
- Understanding the interaction between filling materials and macrophages is vital for assessing biocompatibility.
- Previous research has not fully elucidated the phagocytic response and cytotoxicity of specific root canal filling materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro phagocytosis of overextended root canal filling materials by rat peritoneal macrophages.
- To compare the biocompatibility and cellular response to Finapec APC, Sealapex, Canals-N, and Canals.
Main Methods:
- In vitro investigation using rat peritoneal macrophages.
- Assessment of phagocytosis rates for four different root canal filling materials.
- Evaluation of macrophage viability and morphology (ruffle formation, vacuoles) using scanning electron microscopy.
Main Results:
- Finapec APC exhibited a significantly higher phagocytosis rate (p < 0.05) compared to Sealapex, Canals-N, and Canals.
- Canals demonstrated the lowest phagocytosis rate and significant cytotoxicity, with reduced cell viability at 60 and 120 minutes (74% and 63%, respectively).
- Finapec APC showed high cell viability (approx. 95%) and induced ruffle formation in macrophages, indicative of active phagocytosis.
Conclusions:
- The phagocytic rate of macrophages correlates inversely with the cytotoxicity of root canal filling materials.
- Finapec APC is a highly phagocytosed material with low cytotoxicity, suggesting favorable biocompatibility.
- Canals exhibits strong cytotoxicity and low phagocytosis, indicating potential adverse effects in endodontic applications.