Relationship among colonocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis as a function of diet and carcinogen

To determine the relationship among colonocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis as a function of fiber and carcinogen, we conducted a 2 x 2 factorial design study with two fibers (pectin or cellulose) and two injection protocols (azoxymethane or saline) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were killed six weeks after the injections, and in vivo cell proliferation was measured by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA, differentiation by binding of the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, and apoptosis by immunoperoxidase detection of digoxigenin-labeled genomic DNA. In the proximal colon, pectin decreased differentiation and apoptosis, resulting in a greater number of cells per crypt column. In the distal colon, pectin increased cell proliferation, resulting in more crypts per millimeter of colon and a greater number of surface cells. Azoxymethane increased cell proliferation and decreased differentiation and apoptosis in the proximal and the distal colon. This resulted in a greater number of surface cells proximally and more crypts per millimeter of colon distally. These results illustrate the importance of considering all three parameters (proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis) when evaluating neoplastic growth.