[A case of Schilder's disease]

Schilder's disease is diffuse periaxial encephalitis, a rare condition from the group of demyelinating diseases. The characteristic features are: demyelinization of the white matter, lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates, microglial proliferation with final fibrillar gliosis. Progressive disturbances of the nervous activity, paralysis, convulsion and exitus letalis are observed clinically. One case of this disease in a female of 40 is described which was thought to be schizophrenia and was not diagnosed clinically.