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Electrically-assisted transdermal drug delivery

J E Riviere¹, M C Heit

¹Cutaneous Pharmacology and Toxicology Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA. Jim_Riviere@ncsu.edu

Pharmaceutical Research

|June 1, 1997

Summary

Electrically-assisted transdermal drug delivery (EATDD) uses electric currents to enhance the passage of compounds, like peptides, through the skin. This review clarifies the primary mechanisms, including iontophoresis, electroosmosis, and electroporation, for optimized delivery systems.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Pharmaceutics
Dermatology

Background:

Electrically-assisted transdermal delivery (EATDD) offers a promising route for administering challenging biomolecules.
Peptides and other hydrophilic or acid-labile compounds face delivery barriers with conventional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare the mechanisms of electrically-assisted transdermal delivery.
To contextualize iontophoresis, electroosmosis, and electroporation within different drug and skin models.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on electrically-assisted transdermal delivery mechanisms.
Analysis of studies investigating iontophoresis, electroosmosis, and electroporation.
Comparison of mechanism efficacy based on drug properties and skin models.

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Main Results:

Iontophoresis is the predominant mechanism in EATDD for charged molecules.
Electroosmosis and electroporation offer alternative or complementary pathways for delivery.
Mechanism selection is highly dependent on the specific drug characteristics and the biological system.

Conclusions:

Understanding the distinct mechanisms of EATDD is crucial for optimizing drug delivery.
Tailoring the electrical delivery method to the drug and skin model enhances therapeutic efficacy.
EATDD holds significant potential for non-invasive delivery of biotechnological products.