[Idiopathic pericardial effusion with tamponade in a Friesian gelding]

A 7-year-old Friesian gelding was referred to the Department of Large Animal Medicine and Nutrition of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine because of an inadequate response to treatment for vague symptoms of colic. An extensive physical examination showed there to be circulatory problems, with right-sided decompensation. Heart sounds were muffled on both sides of the thorax, and ECG showed a low voltage and variable amplitude of the QRS complex. Further investigations indicated idiopathic pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis was performed and supportive therapy started. Three weeks later the circulatory system no longer showed abnormalities and the patient was discharged. When a patient presents with vague 'colicky' symptoms that cannot be explained by abnormalities of the digestive tract, the differential diagnosis should include the possibility of 'false' colic, of which pericardial effusion is one possible cause. Early diagnosis and treatment can contribute to a good result.