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[Elbow injuries in childhood]

K Weise1, E Schwab, T M Scheufele

  • 1Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Tübingen.

Der Unfallchirurg
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric elbow fractures and dislocations, common in sports, often require surgery. While most heal well, complications like malunions can occur, necessitating careful diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pediatric Traumatology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Elbow fractures and dislocations are frequent childhood injuries, primarily from sports and play.
  • These injuries involve dislocations or fractures of the distal humerus, proximal radius/ulna, or combinations.
  • Classification includes extra-articular and intra-articular types, with dislocations potentially occurring with fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common pediatric elbow injuries, their diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the challenges in radiological diagnosis due to skeletal immaturity.
  • To present a treatment protocol and long-term follow-up results for pediatric elbow trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common elbow fracture and dislocation types in children and adolescents.
  • Emphasis on clinical examination and radiological assessment, including comparative imaging.
  • Discussion of operative treatment principles, respecting growth plates and using minimal implants.
  • Post-operative casting and early implant removal strategies.

Main Results:

  • Operative treatment is common for pediatric elbow injuries, even with open growth plates.
  • Most injuries are managed with implants and short-term casting, avoiding long-term deficits.
  • Late sequelae such as malunions and functional impairments can occur, especially with untreated displacement or instability.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis through clinical and radiological evaluation is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Surgical management of pediatric elbow injuries requires careful consideration of growth plates.
  • While outcomes are generally good, vigilance for and management of late complications are important.

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