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Related Concept Videos

Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

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Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
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Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells,...
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Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

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Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell...
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Pinocytosis00:38

Pinocytosis

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Cells use energy-requiring bulk transport mechanisms to transfer large particles or large numbers of small particles into or out of the cell. The cells envelop the particles in spherical membranes called vesicles or vacuoles. Vesicles that transport material into the cell are built from the cell membrane. These vesicles encapsulate external molecules and transport them into the cell in a process called endocytosis.
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
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Endocytosis

S Mukherjee1, R N Ghosh, F R Maxfield

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, USA.

Physiological Reviews
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian cells use endocytosis to internalize nutrients and regulate cell surfaces. This review focuses on receptor-mediated endocytosis, a key pathway for cellular uptake and pathogen entry.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process for internalizing extracellular material.
  • It plays crucial roles in nutrient uptake, receptor regulation, cell polarity, and antigen presentation.
  • Endocytic pathways are also exploited by pathogens and toxins for cellular entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the mechanisms of endocytosis in mammalian cells.
  • To focus on receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits.
  • To discuss the intracellular sorting and trafficking of internalized molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on endocytosis mechanisms.
  • Critical evaluation of receptor-mediated endocytosis.
  • Comparison with other endocytic pathways.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of how plasma membrane components and extracellular fluid enter cells.
  • Explanation of intracellular sorting and trafficking of internalized substances.
  • Discussion of endocytosis's role in physiological and pathological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a well-characterized and vital cellular mechanism.
  • Endocytosis is implicated in diverse processes from nutrient transport to diseases like Alzheimer's.
  • Understanding endocytosis is key to comprehending cellular function and disease pathogenesis.