Etiopathology of endometriosis

Although endometriosis is one of the most frequent problems in gynecology, its pathogenesis remains controversial and poorly understood. Many theories relating to the etiopathology of this disorder have been proposed. The celomic metaplasia hypothesis states that peritoneal mesothelium undergoes metaplasia, forming typical endometrial-like glands and stroma. The transplantation theory suggests implantation and subsequent growth of retrogradely shed, viable endometrial cells. The induction theory states that unknown substances released from shed endometrium induce undifferentiated mesenchyma to form endometriotic tissue. Regardless of which theory is correct, additional factors may be responsible for the expression of the disease. The possibility that the development and progression of endometriosis is associated with abnormal immune function and an inadequate response of the peritoneal defense system is currently the most recent hypothesis for the etiopathology of this disease.