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Bilateral xanthine nephrolithiasis in a dog

J Kucera1, T Bulková, R Rychlá

  • 1Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.

The Journal of Small Animal Practice
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Congenital xanthinuria, a rare metabolic disorder, caused fatal kidney failure in a young dachshund due to 100% xanthine stones. Siblings also showed elevated urine xanthine levels, indicating a hereditary component in this canine urolithiasis case.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Canine Nephrology

Background:

  • Xanthinuria is a rare metabolic disease causing urolithiasis (kidney stones).
  • It presents in congenital and iatrogenic forms.
  • Congenital xanthinuria is a genetic disorder affecting purine metabolism.

Observation:

  • A four-year-old dachshund presented with symptoms of end-stage chronic renal failure.
  • Diagnostic necropsy revealed bilateral nephrolithiasis, shrunken kidneys, and significant renal cortex and medulla atrophy.
  • Urine analysis showed massive amorphous crystalluria, but was bacteriologically sterile.

Findings:

  • Infrared spectrometry confirmed the kidney stones were composed entirely of xanthine.
  • Two siblings of the affected dachshund exhibited higher urine xanthine concentrations compared to a control dog.

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  • This case is compared with seven previously documented instances of congenital xanthinuria in dogs.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights congenital xanthinuria as a cause of severe renal disease and urolithiasis in dogs.
    • Elevated urine xanthine in siblings suggests a potential genetic basis for the disorder in this breed.
    • Further research into the genetic mechanisms and diagnostic markers for canine xanthinuria is warranted.