Localization of the FA-CHIP water channel in frog urinary bladder

Like mammalian kidney collecting duct, the water permeability of frog urinary bladder epithelial cells is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-sensitive. In kidney, this permeability is mediated by water channels named aquaporins. We recently reported the cloning of the frog aquaporin CHIP (FA-CHIP), a water channel from frog urinary bladder. FA-CHIP has 79% identity with rat Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and only 42% identity with the kidney collecting duct Aquaporin 2 (AQP2). The purpose of this study was to examine the localization of FA-CHIP in frog urinary bladder. We raised antibodies against peptides of 15 to 17 residues, encompassing the N-ter and C-ter regions of FA-CHIP. Anti-FA-CHIP antibodies were used for Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and gold labeling electron microscopy in urinary bladder and other frog tissues. By Western blotting of frog urinary bladder total homogenate, the antibodies recognized a band of 29 kDa and glycosylated forms of the protein between 40 and 70 kDa. No signal was found on membrane preparations from epithelial cell homogenate. FA-CHIP was also found in frog skin, brain, gall bladder, and lung. In immunofluorescence microscopy on urinary bladder sections, FA-CHIP was localized to endothelial cells of blood capillaries and on mesothelial cells of the serosal face. Red blood cells, epithelial and basal cells were unstained. The localization of FA-CHIP in cell plasma membranes was confirmed by gold labeling electron microscopy. In other positive tissues, FA-CHIP was also localized to capillaries. In brain, plasma membranes of epithelial cells were also stained. In conclusion, like its mammalian homologue AQP1, FA-CHIP appears to be localized to constitutively water permeable cells of frog. Therefore, it belongs to the AQP1 family of proteins although unlike AQP1, FA-CHIP is absent from red blood cells and kidney. In frog urinary bladder and skin, FA-CHIP probably plays an important role in water transport across the barriers in series with the ADH-sensitive epithelial cells.