General principles of self psychology: a position statement

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Psychoanalysis
• Developmental Psychology

Background:

• Kohut's self psychology has evolved significantly over 25 years.
• The theory has broadened from narcissism and empathy to encompass normal and pathological development.
• Diverse theoretical directions raise questions about the coherence of self psychology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a concise statement of general principles in self psychology.
• To foster dialogue among differing viewpoints within and outside self psychology.
• To address the question of whether self psychology remains a unified theory.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis of self psychology's theoretical evolution.
• Synthesis of core principles across different theoretical branches.
• Comparative review of various self psychology descriptors (e.g., self-selfobject matrix, intersubjectivity, motivational systems).

Main Results:

• Self psychology has expanded beyond its initial focus on narcissism and empathy.
• Multiple theoretical frameworks now exist within self psychology, including self-selfobject matrix, intersubjectivity, and motivational systems.
• The study highlights the need for a clear articulation of foundational principles to unify the field.

Conclusions:

• Self psychology's extensive revisions and additions have led to diverse theoretical directions.
• A concise statement of general principles is crucial for ongoing dialogue and theoretical coherence.
• Clarifying core tenets can help reconcile differing views on self psychology's theory and practice.