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Configural processing in memory retrieval: multiple cues and ensemble representations

B A Dosher1, G S Rosedale

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine 92697-5100, USA. bdosher@uci.edu

Cognitive Psychology
|August 1, 1997
PubMed
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Memory retrieval relies on how cues interact. Dual cues are most effective when learned together as a compound, not independently, demonstrating a holistic memory access mechanism.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Contextual cues significantly influence memory retrieval accessibility.
  • Understanding how multiple cues interact is crucial for memory access principles.
  • Dual-cue interactions in episodic memory retrieval are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mechanisms of dual-cue interaction in episodic memory retrieval.
  • To contrast holistic cue integration with nonholistic mechanisms (multiplicative/intersection, independent contributions).
  • To develop and test a compound cue model explaining dual-cue effects.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments using dual-cued recognition of items from newly learned triples.
  • Examining the conditions under which dual cues facilitate or fail to facilitate retrieval.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparing holistic, intersection, and independent cueing mechanisms against experimental data.

    • Main Results:

    • Dual cues demonstrated strongly configural, holistic action, requiring the cues and test item to be encoded as a compound.
    • Independent cues were ineffective if not learned together, even with pairwise information or individual cue effectiveness.
    • A compound cue model accurately predicted the observed pattern of priming.

    Conclusions:

    • Episodic memory retrieval with dual cues operates holistically, emphasizing encoded compounds over independent cue contributions.
    • The findings support compound cue models of priming and challenge spreading activation models in this context.
    • A novel compound cue model successfully explains configural priming in associative and item recognition tasks.