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Related Experiment Videos

Paralytic shellfish poisoning: a review

E V Morse

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |December 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is caused by eating toxic shellfish contaminated with dinoflagellates. Cooking does not eliminate the saxitoxin, posing a significant public health risk with high mortality rates.

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    Area of Science:

    • Marine Biology
    • Toxicology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) originates from consuming bivalve mollusks like mussels, clams, and oysters that have ingested toxic dinoflagellates.
    • Dinoflagellate blooms, often visible as red tides, can lead to the accumulation of potent neurotoxins in shellfish.
    • Several species of dinoflagellates are implicated in human poisonings, with saxitoxin being a primary PSP toxin.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To inform about the causes and risks associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning.
    • To highlight the public health significance of PSP and its associated toxins.
    • To detail the sources and characteristics of shellfish-borne PSP.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on paralytic shellfish poisoning and toxic dinoflagellates.

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  • Identification of key toxins, affected shellfish species, and human health impacts.
  • Analysis of mortality data and seasonal occurrence of PSP.

    • Main Results:

    • PSP is caused by saxitoxin produced by certain dinoflagellates, accumulating in shellfish viscera, mantle, and siphon.
    • Cooking methods are insufficient to neutralize the low molecular weight toxin.
    • Reported mortality rates for PSP range from 8.5% to 23.2%.

    Conclusions:

    • Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a serious public health concern, particularly during May to November in affected regions.
    • Contaminated shellfish represent a significant vector for saxitoxin exposure in humans.
    • Effective public health strategies are needed to mitigate the risks of PSP outbreaks.