The capsular ligaments of the wrist

Variable descriptions and nomenclatures of the ligaments of the wrist can be found in the literature. To verify the multiple concepts advanced about this subject and to provide a basis for a better understanding of the individual variations of carpal biomechanics, and of the numerous pathomechanical concepts found in the literature, this study attempted to report the gross anatomy of the capsular carpal ligaments and their variations. Precise dissection of 66 anatomical preparations enabled to observe the origin, insertion, and number of fascicles of the capsular ligaments of the wrist. The anatomy of the capsular ligaments of the wrist displayed, besides relatively constant structures, considerable individual variations that concerned particularly the ulnocarpal and dorsal ligaments. A classification of the specimens according to variations in the important wrist ligaments has been advanced and has to be refined by a more extensive analysis. The possible influence of these variable configurations upon carpal biomechanics, diagnosis, classification and treatment of carpal pathologies seems conceivable but still has to be determined.