Triple quantum sodium imaging of articular cartilage

Triple quantum (TQ) sodium imaging of bovine articular cartilage is presented. True triple quantum imaging sequence was modified to incorporate asymmetric echo acquisition. Triple quantum signal expression in the presence of residual quadrupolar interaction is presented. The filtering capability of the sequence is first demonstrated on an agarose phantom. Both single and triple quantum images of articular cartilage are compared. The TQ image shows non-zero signal intensity solely from cartilage, indicating complete suppression of signals from bone marrow and saline. The advantages of TQ imaging of articular cartilage, its feasibility in in vivo situations and further improvements in SNR are described.