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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: September 18, 2014

Immunostimulatory DNA sequences function as T helper-1-promoting adjuvants

M Roman¹, E Martin-Orozco, J S Goodman

¹Dynavax Technologies Corporation, San Diego, California 92121, USA.

Nature Medicine

|August 1, 1997

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Short bacterial DNA sequences act as powerful immune adjuvants, enhancing vaccine responses. These immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISSs) promote Th1 immunity and cell-mediated responses, suggesting their use in viral vaccines.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Bacterial DNA sequences, specifically immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISSs), have shown potential in modulating immune responses.
Previous research suggested an adjuvant role for ISSs in stimulating T helper-1 (Th1) responses in gene-vaccinated animals.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the adjuvant potential of noncoding, ISS-enriched plasmid DNAs and ISS oligonucleotides (ISS-ODNs).
To determine the effects of ISS-DNAs on antibody production and cytokine profiles.
To evaluate the utility of ISS-DNAs as adjuvants for viral vaccines.

Main Methods:

Administration of noncoding plasmid DNAs or ISS oligonucleotides (ISS-ODNs) alongside antigens.
Measurement of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis.
Quantification of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, interleukin-12, and interleukin-18 production.

Main Results:

ISS-DNAs effectively stimulated immune responses to coadministered antigens.
ISS-DNAs suppressed IgE synthesis while promoting IgG production.
ISS-DNAs induced the production of IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IL-12, and IL-18, fostering Th1 responses and enhancing cell-mediated immunity.

Conclusions:

Noncoding DNA adjuvants, including ISS-enriched plasmid DNAs and ISS-ODNs, potently enhance immune responses.
These DNA adjuvants promote Th1-biased immunity and cell-mediated responses, indicated by cytokine profiles and antibody production.
Incorporating noncoding DNA adjuvants into inactivated or subunit viral vaccines could improve partial protection.