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Related Experiment Videos

Global spatial disorientation. Clinico-pathologic correlations

C S Kase, J F Troncoso, J E Court

    Journal of the Neurological Sciences
    |November 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Bilateral parietal lobe damage can cause severe spatial disorientation and Balint's syndrome. Lesions in the superior parietal lobules may explain visuo-motor disconnection and topographical disorientation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurology
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • Balint's syndrome is a rare neuropsychological condition characterized by simultagnosia, optic ataxia, and oculomotor apraxia.
    • Parietal lobe damage is associated with various visuospatial and visuomotor deficits.

    Observation:

    • Two patients with acute bilateral parietal lobe damage initially presented with Balint's syndrome.
    • Following initial recovery, both patients developed severe spatial orientation disorders, including acoustic ataxia and impaired object localization.
    • One patient additionally exhibited topographical disorientation and abnormal whole-body movements.

    Findings:

    • Post-mortem examination of one patient revealed bilateral superior parietal lobule infarctions.
    • Visuo-motor intrahemispheric disconnection due to bilateral dorsal parietal lesions may explain abnormalities in whole-body movements.

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  • Global spatial disorientation is linked to a specific parietal lobe function, independent of oculomotor mechanisms for topographical disorientation.

    • Implications:

    • The findings suggest a specific role for the parietal lobe in spatial orientation and visuo-motor control.
    • Understanding these lesions' topography aids in comprehending brain damage mechanisms after hypotension and cardiac arrest.
    • Patients with similar lesions may be at risk for developing these behavioral abnormalities.