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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Accuracy of predictive scores of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria·2022
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
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Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

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Carotid Sources of Stroke.

J P Mohr1

  • 1Daniel Sciarra Professor of Neurology, Doris & Stanley Tananbaum Stroke Center, Neurological Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY.

Stroke
|June 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Carotid artery issues can cause brain infarction through two main patterns: reduced blood flow leading to high-convexity infarction or embolisms from carotid plaque. Understanding these patterns is crucial for diagnosing stroke causes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Cerebrovascular Disease

Background:

  • The term "karotides" (carotid arteries) originates from ancient Greek descriptions of their effect on consciousness.
  • Research into brain infarction patterns and clinical severity has evolved significantly over 150 years.
  • Two primary mechanisms of cerebral infarction related to carotid arteries have been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize the historical and current understanding of brain infarction patterns associated with carotid artery disease.
  • To elucidate the distinct mechanisms leading to cerebral infarction from carotid stenosis and non-stenosing plaque.

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review on carotid artery function and neurological effects.
  • Analysis of studies on patterns of brain infarction and clinical severity.

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Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice
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  • Categorization of infarction patterns based on underlying carotid artery pathology.

    • Main Results:

    • High-convexity infarction is linked to perfusion failure from hemodynamically significant ipsilateral carotid stenosis.
    • Embolism from non-stenosing carotid plaque represents a distinct pathway to brain infarction.
    • These two patterns represent the major modes of cerebrovascular events originating from the carotid arteries.

    Conclusions:

    • Carotid artery disease presents with two principal patterns of brain infarction: hemodynamic failure and embolic events.
    • Distinguishing between these patterns is essential for accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of cerebrovascular disease.
    • Continued sophisticated study of these patterns enhances understanding and management of stroke.