Electromyography in myopathy

Electromyography (EMG) is the most common procedure for screening patients with myopathies and remains the most important technique for assessing the course of the disease over time. Fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, myotonic or complex repetitive discharge, as well as polyphasic potentials are non specific and can occur in both myopathic and neurogenic lesions. The most sensitive and specific parameter for myopathy in conventional EMG is the decreased duration of motor unit potentials (MUP), but this can also be seen in disorders of the terminal motor fibers or the neuromuscular junction. More advanced techniques such as single fiber EMG, macro EMG, scanning EMG and turns/amplitude analysis have opened additional possibilities for analysis of the motor unit and the interference pattern, by which both the sensitivity to early changes and specificity for myopathic alterations is increased. The importance of combining different techniques to improve diagnostic yield and specificity is stressed.