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Neuropsychologic functioning in autism: profile of a complex information processing disorder

N J Minshew1, G Goldstein, D J Siegel

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Autistic individuals show specific cognitive strengths and weaknesses, not a general deficit. This study reveals a unique neuropsychological profile in autism, highlighting complex information processing challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Autism is theorized to involve core deficits in various cognitive domains.
  • Previous research suggests potential issues in sensory perception, attention, memory, and executive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurobehavioral theories of autism using a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.
  • To define the specific cognitive profile of autistic individuals with average to above-average IQ.

Main Methods:

  • Administered a neuropsychological battery to 33 autistic individuals (IQ > 80) and 33 matched controls.
  • Utilized stepwise discriminant function analysis to identify distinguishing cognitive patterns.

Main Results:

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  • Autistic individuals exhibited impairments in skilled motor, complex memory, complex language, and reasoning.
  • Conversely, they showed intact or superior performance in attention, simple memory, simple language, and visual-spatial domains.
  • The observed profile indicates selective impairment in complex information processing, sparing visual-spatial skills.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support a general deficit or intellectual disability model of autism.
  • A multiple primary deficit model is proposed, reflecting complexity in information processing demands.
  • The profile aligns with autism as a late information processing disorder with preserved early processing.