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Related Experiment Videos

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

B A Shaywitz1, J M Fletcher, S E Shaywitz

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Advances in Pediatrics
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition impacting children

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Child Psychology
  • Focus on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and management.

Background:

  • ADHD has a history spanning nearly a century, defined by behavioral concerns.
  • It's a chronic disorder impacting a child's life across home, school, and community settings.
  • Key challenges include attentional deficits, learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and low self-esteem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of ADHD.
  • To highlight the role of stimulant therapy in ADHD treatment.
  • To explore recent advances in understanding ADHD's neural and molecular basis.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of ADHD diagnosis and treatment.
  • Analysis of pharmacotherapy, including stimulants and antidepressants.

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  • Examination of non-pharmacologic therapies like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychotherapy.
  • Inclusion of recent advances in neuroimaging (fMRI) and genetics.

    • Main Results:

    • Stimulant therapy is well-established for ADHD, with minimal side effects.
    • Educational management and CBT are important adjuncts to pharmacotherapy.
    • Effects of stimulants on cognition and social behavior remain debated.
    • Neuroimaging and genetic research offer new insights into ADHD etiology.

    Conclusions:

    • Pharmacotherapy, particularly stimulants, remains a primary treatment for ADHD.
    • Multimodality therapy combining medication and psychotherapy can be beneficial.
    • Further research into the neural and molecular underpinnings of ADHD is crucial for advancing treatment.
    • Understanding ADHD's variability and complexity is key to effective management.