Audiological and vestibular function tests in hypothyroidism

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Endocrinology
• Audiology

Background:

• Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland.
• Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in various bodily functions, including auditory and vestibular systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the audiological and vestibular function in patients with hypothyroidism.
• To correlate the incidence of hearing impairment, tinnitus, and vertigo with the severity of hypothyroidism.
• To determine the site of lesion in sensorineural hearing impairment cases.

Main Methods:

• Performed a battery of audiological and vestibular function tests on 72 patients with confirmed hypothyroidism.
• Graded hypothyroidism severity based on serum protein-bound iodine levels (mild, moderate, severe).
• Audiologically pinpointed the site of lesion in 25 cases of sensorineural hearing impairment.

Main Results:

• A significant incidence of hearing impairment, tinnitus, and vertigo was observed in patients with hypothyroidism.
• The severity of these auditory and vestibular symptoms correlated with the severity of hypothyroidism.
• Sensorineural hearing impairment was identified, with the site of lesion localized through audiological assessment.

Conclusions:

• Hypothyroidism is associated with a higher prevalence of hearing impairment, tinnitus, and vertigo.
• The degree of auditory and vestibular dysfunction is linked to the severity of hypothyroidism.
• Audiological evaluations are essential for diagnosing and managing hearing-related issues in hypothyroid patients.