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Audiological and vestibular function tests in hypothyroidism

P L Bhatia, O P Gupta, M K Agrawal

    The Laryngoscope
    |December 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hypothyroidism can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo, with symptoms worsening with disease severity. Audiological tests helped identify the location of hearing impairment in patients with hypothyroidism.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Endocrinology
    • Audiology

    Background:

    • Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland.
    • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in various bodily functions, including auditory and vestibular systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the audiological and vestibular function in patients with hypothyroidism.
    • To correlate the incidence of hearing impairment, tinnitus, and vertigo with the severity of hypothyroidism.
    • To determine the site of lesion in sensorineural hearing impairment cases.

    Main Methods:

    • Performed a battery of audiological and vestibular function tests on 72 patients with confirmed hypothyroidism.
    • Graded hypothyroidism severity based on serum protein-bound iodine levels (mild, moderate, severe).

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  • Audiologically pinpointed the site of lesion in 25 cases of sensorineural hearing impairment.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant incidence of hearing impairment, tinnitus, and vertigo was observed in patients with hypothyroidism.
    • The severity of these auditory and vestibular symptoms correlated with the severity of hypothyroidism.
    • Sensorineural hearing impairment was identified, with the site of lesion localized through audiological assessment.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypothyroidism is associated with a higher prevalence of hearing impairment, tinnitus, and vertigo.
    • The degree of auditory and vestibular dysfunction is linked to the severity of hypothyroidism.
    • Audiological evaluations are essential for diagnosing and managing hearing-related issues in hypothyroid patients.