Pharmacological heterogeneity of neurotensin receptors: an in vitro study

Neurotensin (NT), a linear tridecapeptide, has been shown to exert a variety of biological effects in the periphery and in the central nervous system. The aim of the present study was to characterize the NT receptors mediating the contractions of two isolated organs, the rat stomach strip and the guinea pig ileum. More than 20 compounds, peptides, nonpeptides, or pseudopeptides, were tested for their agonistic and antagonistic effects against NT and a series of potent analogs or fragments. Receptors were characterized using the two classical criteria suggested by Schild, the order of potency of agonists and the affinity of antagonists. The results shown in this study indicate that the contractions of the guinea pig ileum in response to NT are mediated by acetylcholine and prostaglandins because they are blocked by atropine and indomethacin. The contractions induced by NT in the rat stomach are not influenced by atropine, indomethacin, methysergide, and diphenhydramine and may result from the direct activation of smooth muscle receptors. Differences in the order of potency of agonists were also found between the two preparations: in the rat stomach strip, the order of potency was AcNT(8-13) > Arg-NT(8-13) > Lys-NT(8-13) > NT = NT(8-13) and in the guinea pig ileum was Arg-NT(8-13) > AcNT(8-13) > NT = NT(8-13) > Lys-NT(8-13). The nonpeptide antagonist SR 48692 was shown to possess higher apparent affinity for the rat stomach functional sites (pA2 8.0) than for those of the guinea pig ileum (pA2 6.45). The results presented in this paper suggest that two different pharmacological entities may subserve the myotropic effect of NT and some analogs and fragments in the gastrointestinal tract of the guinea pig and the rat.