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HIV in intensive care--a 3 years experience

S D Kulkarni1, N D Karnik, P G Jiandani

  • 1Department of Medicine, LTM Medical College and Hospital, Sion, Mumbai.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Critically ill patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) increased from 1992 to 1994. Acute poisoning was a leading cause, highlighting the need for intensive care and infection control.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The incidence of critically ill patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) admitted to medical intensive care units (MICUs) has been increasing.
  • Understanding the patterns of critical illness in HIV patients is crucial for resource allocation and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively analyze the characteristics, indications for admission, interventions, and outcomes of critically ill HIV patients in a MICU.
  • To identify key challenges and opportunities for improving care for this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A three-year prospective study involving 62 critically ill HIV patients admitted to the MICU.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, reasons for admission, interventions performed, and mortality rates.

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Main Results:

  • The percentage of HIV patients in the MICU rose from 0.86% in 1992 to 3.17% in 1994.
  • Neurological conditions (32.5%), sepsis syndrome (29%), and acute poisoning (16.1%) were the most common presentations.
  • Acute poisoning was identified as a significant preventable cause for MICU admission.
  • Mortality was high, particularly among ventilated patients (92.9%), compared to the overall HIV mortality (46.8%).
  • A survival rate of 53.2% was achieved despite resource limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Critically ill HIV patients require intensive care management with stringent infection control measures.
  • Preventable conditions like acute poisoning should be targeted to reduce MICU admissions.
  • Effective management strategies can lead to notable survival rates even in resource-constrained settings.