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Disseminated miliary cerebral candidiasis

P H Lai1, S M Lin, H B Pan

  • 1Department of Radiology, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung, National Yang Ming University, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Insights

A disseminated Candida albicans brain infection occurred in a child post-heart surgery. Antifungal treatment led to abscess resolution, but the patient remained in a vegetative state.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Complex congenital heart malformation surgery can predispose patients to opportunistic infections.
  • Disseminated fungal infections, particularly Candida albicans, pose significant risks in immunocompromised pediatric patients.

Observation:

  • A 5-year-old girl developed fever and altered consciousness following complex congenital heart surgery.
  • Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging identified multiple small, ring-enhancing, hemorrhagic abscesses within the brain.

Findings:

  • The intracranial abscesses and associated ventriculomegaly showed significant resolution after one year of targeted antifungal therapy.
  • Despite successful treatment of the infection, the patient's neurological outcome was poor, resulting in a persistent vegetative state.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for severe central nervous system candidiasis in pediatric patients with complex congenital heart disease.
  • Early diagnosis and aggressive antifungal treatment are crucial, but neurological sequelae can still be profound.
  • Further research into preventative strategies and neuroprotective measures is warranted for this vulnerable population.

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