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Updated: Jul 20, 2026
11:11
Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment
Published on: January 24, 2020
Immunotherapy and cytokines
1Van Kampen Group, Inc, Ogden, UT 84405, USA.
Seminars in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (Small Animal)
|August 1, 1997
Summary
Veterinary immunomodulators, including bacterial products, are now available to stimulate the immune system. These nonspecific agents activate macrophages and influence lymphocyte activity for various therapeutic uses.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary immunology
- Immunotherapy
- Biological products
Background:
- Biological products for immunomodulation are licensed in veterinary medicine.
- These products activate macrophages, induce cytokines, and affect lymphocyte activity.
- Commonly used products include inactivated Propionibacterium acnes, Mycobacterium spp. cell walls, and Staphylococcus aureus lysate.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current state of immunomodulation in veterinary medicine.
- To discuss the mechanisms and applications of licensed veterinary biological products.
- To explore both approved and off-label uses of these immunomodulators.
Main Methods:
- Review of licensed biological products for veterinary use.
- Analysis of scientific literature on immunomodulator effects.
- Examination of mechanisms involving macrophages, cytokines, and lymphocytes.
Main Results:
- Licensed immunomodulators activate macrophages and cytokine production.
- These products impact B and T lymphocyte proliferation and activity.
- Off-label usage studies indicate broader potential applications.
Conclusions:
- Veterinary immunomodulation is feasible with licensed biological products.
- These agents act as nonspecific immune system stimulators.
- Humoral and cellular immunity can be modulated by these products.
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