Location of the coronary arterial orifices in the normal heart

We examined the coronary arterial orifices in relation to the aortic valve to determine the range of normality in 23 normal hearts from autopsied adults. We determined the position of the zones of apposition between leaflets, the size of the leaflets, the number, position, and shape of the coronary arterial orifices, and their relation to the sinutubular junction. The aortic valve had three leaflets in all specimens, nearly equally spaced around the aorta. The left coronary artery arose within the left posterior aortic sinus (of Valsalva) in 16 (69%) specimens, above the sinutubular junction in five (22%), and at the level of the junction in two (9%). The distance of the left orifice from the zone of apposition between the left posterior and anterior aortic leaflets was between 13% and 61% of the width of the aortic sinus at the sinutubular junction. The right coronary artery arose within the anterior aortic sinus in 18 (78%) specimens, above the junction in three (13%), and at the level of the junction in two (9%). The distance of the orifice from the zone of apposition between the leaflets hinged from the anterior and right posterior aortic sinuses was between 5% and 62% of the width of the aortic sinus at the sinutubular junction. An accessory coronary orifice was found in the anterior aortic sinus in 17 (74%) specimens, whereas a third orifice in this sinus was found in five hearts. The coronary arterial orifices are usually located within the aortic sinuses below the sinutubular junction, but are rarely centrally located. Accessory coronary arterial orifices are found in the majority of the anterior aortic sinuses.