End stopping and length tuning in psychophysical spatial filters

Psychophysical spatial filters or channels are usually modeled after simple-cell receptive fields, although many cortical cells are end stopped and length tuned. Using psychophysical masking, we demonstrate an analog to receptive field end stopping and length tuning in psychophysical spatial filters tuned to a wide range of spatial frequencies. Specifically, masking is maximal when the mask is approximately 5-6 arcmin longer than the target but is reduced when the mask exceeds this length, consistent with the properties of end-stopped cells. The strength and the extent of psychophysical end stopping appear to be determined by filter's spatial-frequency tuning, but length tuning varies with target length. The latter implies that spatial filters tuned to the same spatial frequency could have different length tuning and that there is no fixed length-to-width ratio of the filter size. Phase effects suggest linear length summation but nonlinear psychophysical end stopping which suggest that both first- and second-order visual processing is involved in end-stopped spatial filters.