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Related Experiment Videos

Alien introgression in rice

D S Brar1, G S Khush

  • 1Plant breeding, Genetics & Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines.

Plant Molecular Biology
|September 18, 1997
PubMed
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To improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, scientists are introgressing beneficial genes from wild Oryza species. Despite crossability challenges, they successfully transferred resistance genes, enhancing the cultivated rice gene pool.

Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Crop improvement
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) faces biotic and abiotic stresses, with limited genetic variability in germplasm.
  • Emerging insect biotypes and disease races pose ongoing threats to rice production.
  • Wild Oryza species offer a reservoir of valuable genes but face crossability and recombination barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To broaden the cultivated rice gene pool by introgressing genes from diverse wild Oryza species.
  • To overcome crossability and recombination limitations for effective gene transfer.
  • To identify and map introgressed genes for stress resistance and yield potential.

Main Methods:

  • Production of hybrids and monosomic alien addition lines using embryo rescue.

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  • Hybridization between cultivated rice and distantly related wild Oryza species.
  • Cytogenetic and molecular analyses, including RFLP, BAC library, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization for gene mapping.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful introgression of genes for cytoplasmic male sterility and resistance to grassy stunt virus and bacterial blight from A genome wild species.
    • Transfer of resistance genes for brown planthopper, bacterial blight, and blast from distantly related species.
    • Mapping of introgressed genes, including Xa-21 from O. longistaminata, on rice chromosome 11; evidence of recombination and alien gene transfer.

    Conclusions:

    • Introgression of useful genes from wild Oryza species is feasible despite crossability barriers, significantly enhancing cultivated rice's genetic diversity.
    • Further research is needed to understand and enhance recombination between homoeologous chromosomes for more efficient gene introgression.
    • Future efforts should focus on introgressing quantitative trait loci (QTL) from wild species to boost rice yield potential.