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How effectively do copper intrauterine devices prevent ectopic pregnancy?
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway.
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|August 1, 1997
Summary
Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) significantly reduce ectopic pregnancy risk compared to no contraception. However, the risk is slightly increased but not significantly compared to female sterilization.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive health
- Gynecology
- Obstetrics
Background:
- Ectopic pregnancy poses significant health risks.
- Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a common reversible contraceptive method.
- Understanding the comparative risks of ectopic pregnancy with different contraceptive methods is crucial for informed decision-making.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the risk of ectopic pregnancy in women using copper IUDs.
- To compare this risk against non-contraceptive use and female sterilization.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted in Norway from 1987-1990.
- Histologically verified ectopic pregnancies (168 cases) were compared with non-pregnant controls (1,169).
- Statistical analysis included chi-square tests and unconditional logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Copper IUD use was associated with a significantly lower risk of ectopic pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.09) compared to non-contraceptive users.
- The risk of ectopic pregnancy among copper IUD users was not significantly different (aOR 1.6) compared to women who had undergone tubal sterilization.
Conclusions:
- Copper IUDs offer substantial protection against ectopic pregnancy compared to no contraception.
- While a slight increase in risk was observed compared to sterilization, it was not statistically significant, suggesting copper IUDs are a safe option regarding ectopic pregnancy.