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Formant frequency development: 15 to 36 months

H R Gilbert1, M P Robb, Y Chen

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|September 23, 1997
PubMed
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Formant frequencies (F1 and F2) in young children

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Speech Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding speech development in children is crucial for identifying potential developmental delays.
  • Formant frequencies (F1 and F2) are key acoustic properties of speech that change as the vocal tract develops.
  • Previous research has explored formant frequency development, but systematic sampling across early childhood is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectories of formant 1 (F1) and formant 2 (F2) in spontaneous vocalizations of young children.
  • To correlate changes in F1 and F2 with specific articulatory features, such as tongue position.
  • To understand how vocal tract growth and reconfiguration influence early speech acoustics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic acoustic analysis of spontaneous vocalizations from four children aged 15 to 36 months.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurement of formant 1 (F1) and formant 2 (F2) values from recorded speech samples.
  • Categorization of formant values based on articulatory features like tongue elevation and advancement.

    • Main Results:

    • Formant 1 (F1) and formant 2 (F2) showed minimal changes before 24 months of age.
    • Significant decreases in average F1 and F2 were observed between 24 and 36 months.
    • The most substantial acoustic changes were linked to high/back tongue articulations.

    Conclusions:

    • Early childhood formant frequency development is characterized by stability followed by significant changes.
    • The observed changes in F1 and F2 reflect ongoing vocal tract development and reconfiguration.
    • These findings provide insights into the acoustic underpinnings of speech acquisition in young children.