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Age-related differences in naming latency

J C Thomas, J L Fozard, N C Waugh

    The American Journal of Psychology
    |September 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Older adults experience slower memory retrieval, impacting learning. This study found age-related declines in naming speed, which practice or cues could mitigate.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Aging is associated with challenges in learning new information.
    • Slower retrieval of encoded information from memory may contribute to these learning difficulties in older adults.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of aging on the speed of information retrieval from memory.
    • To determine how age affects the time taken to name common objects.

    Main Methods:

    • Sixty healthy males aged 25 to 74 participated in the study.
    • Participants were presented with pictures of common objects and asked to name them as quickly as possible.
    • The influence of practice and word cueing on naming speed was examined, alongside word frequency effects.

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    Main Results:

    • Older subjects demonstrated significantly longer object-naming times compared to younger subjects.
    • The age-related difference in naming speed was reduced with practice and when names were cued.
    • Word frequency did not influence the observed age-related differences in retrieval speed.

    Conclusions:

    • Healthy aging is associated with a decline in the speed of memory retrieval, specifically in object naming tasks.
    • Cognitive interventions like practice and cueing can ameliorate age-related retrieval deficits.
    • The findings suggest distinct retrieval mechanisms in healthy aging versus brain-damaged populations.