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[Dyslipoproteinemia in primary hypertension]
E W Chotkowska1, M Sznajderman, D Szcześniewska
1Pracowni Lipidowej Instytutu Kardiologii.
Insights
Essential hypertension is linked to abnormal lipid profiles, including higher LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol. This dyslipoproteinemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Metabolic Disorders
- Clinical Biochemistry
Background:
- Essential hypertension (HT) is a prevalent cardiovascular risk factor.
- Dyslipoproteinemia, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, often coexists with HT.
- Understanding the lipid profile in hypertensive patients is crucial for assessing atherosclerosis risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the lipid profile in patients with essential hypertension.
- To determine the prevalence of dyslipoproteinemia in this population.
- To investigate the association between hypertension and lipoprotein abnormalities.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 108 outpatients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (aged 35-64) and matched controls.
- Measurement of serum total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), and lipoprotein fractions (LDL, HDL, HDL3) using enzymatic methods.
- Quantification of apolipoproteins (Apo A-I, Apo B) via immunoassay, with laboratory quality control.
Main Results:
- Hypertensive patients showed significantly higher LDL cholesterol (15-22%) and lower HDL cholesterol (16-26%) compared to controls.
- Lower Apo A-I levels were observed in hypertensive men (21%) and women (25%).
- The prevalence of normolipemia was twice as low in the HT group (22%) versus controls (42%).
Conclusions:
- Essential hypertension is associated with unfavorable lipoprotein profiles, including elevated LDL and reduced HDL cholesterol.
- The higher prevalence of dyslipoproteinemia in hypertensive individuals suggests an increased risk for atherosclerosis.
- Coexisting hypertension and dyslipoproteinemia represent a significant detrimental factor in atherogenesis.
Abstract:
The aim of the study was the estimation of the lipid profile and prevalence of dyslipoproteinemia in patients with essential hypertension. The study group consisted of 108 outpatients (61 men and 47 women) with mild to moderate hypertension (HT), aged 35-64, who did not receive antihypertensive drugs for at least four weeks. The matched controls (MC) were randomly chosen for each HT patient from population of Warsaw inhabitants, covered by Pol-MONICA II screen. The concentrations of total cholesterol (CH) and triglycerides (TG) in serum and cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions and subfractions (LDL, HDL, HDL3) were measured by enzymatic methods. The levels of apolipoproteins (Apo A-I, Apo B) were estimated by immunoassay. Laboratory was under control of WHO-Lipid Reference Laboratory and CDC-NHLBI Lipid Standardization Program. In HT the concentration of cholesterol in LDL was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in MC, both in men (by 15%) and in women (by 22%), but the concentrations of cholesterol in HDL and HDL3 and Apo A-I (in men only) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in HT than in MC in men (by 21% and by 26%) as well in women (by 16% and by 25%). Also in HT group the mean levels of TG, CH and Apo B were higher than in MC, but these differences were significant only in TG level in men. In HT group the prevalence of normolipemia was twice lower than in MC (22% and 42%). Essential hypertension fractions is associated with abnormal levels of some lipoprotein fraction and with higher prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia. The coexistence of both abnormalities may be particularly detrimental as important factor in the development of atherosclerosis.