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Visual neglect in the monkey. Representation and disconnection

D Gaffan1, J Hornak

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, UK.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|October 6, 1997
PubMed
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Visual neglect in macaques results from combined optic tract section and forebrain commissurotomy, indicating impaired memory-based visual representations. Lesions affecting white matter also caused neglect, highlighting the role of interconnected brain regions in visual processing.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Visual neglect is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a failure to respond to stimuli contralateral to a brain lesion.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying visual neglect is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural substrates of visual neglect in macaque monkeys.
  • To determine the specific brain lesions that induce visual neglect and explore the role of memory in visual representation.

Main Methods:

  • Macaque monkeys were trained on a visual search task.
  • Unilateral lesions were induced, including optic tract section, forebrain commissurotomy, and parietal leucotomy.
  • Neglect was quantified by measuring ipsilateral errors relative to the lesion.

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Main Results:

  • Visual neglect was observed after optic tract section combined with forebrain commissurotomy and after parietal leucotomy.
  • Optic tract section alone, forebrain commissurotomy alone, or various cortical ablations did not induce neglect.
  • These findings suggest that visual neglect arises from disruptions in memory-based visual representations.

Conclusions:

  • The macaque model demonstrates that visual neglect is not solely due to sensory input deficits but involves impaired cortical representations reliant on memory.
  • Combined optic tract section and forebrain commissurotomy disrupt the ability of the visual system to build a complete representation of the visual world.
  • Parietal white matter integrity is critical for maintaining visual awareness and preventing neglect.